Jacketed-cylinder construction



B. n. NEweoMB. ,IACKETED CYLINDER CONSTRUCTIQN.

APPLICATION FILED JULY'ZO, 1920. -1

Patented Feb. 15, 1921.

Illini/11111111111 UNiTED sTATss TeN'r orifice.

BENJAMIN R. NEWCOMB, OF HOLYOKE, MASSACHUSETTS.

JACKETED-CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION.

Application filed July 20, 1920. Serial No. 397,673.`

Z 10 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, lniiana/LINV R. Nnw- COMB, a citizen oi' the United States, residing at Holyoke, in the county of r Hampden, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Jacketed-Cylinder Construction, ot which the following is a specification.

rlhis invention relates to cylinder construction oi the jacketed type such as is most commonly used in connection with internal combustion motors.

:Recent` developments have produced a jacketed cylinder in which a motor body or shell receives an insertible and removable cylinder sleeve, making a particularly desirable construction in that it permits of the use oi metals of diiferent coefficients of expansion Jfor the body or shell and the sleeve.

However, some difficulty has been eX- perienced in properly seating the sleeve in the body with a tight joint and yet compensating for the expansion ot the two parts relative to each other while, at the same time, maintaining a fluid tight joint at all places where the sleeve seats on the body or shell. A particularly good joint is required inasmuch as the sleeve, besides forming the cylinder proper, forms one of the jacket walls.

In one type of patented construction an eiiort to overcome the difhculty above nientioned has resulted in the provision of complemental shoulders on the body or shell and the sleeve, such shoulders being so arranged that a joint between the body or shell and sleeve is obtained approximate each end ot the sleeve, one of these joints being a metallicvlit of rigid form and the other an eX pansion compensating joint formed by placing a compressible gasket between the complemental shoulders of the body or shell and sleeve. Very good results .j have been obtained with this construction but it is diiicult to produce a metallic contact suiiiciently perfect for a fluid tightjoint. Originallythe joint must be ground to a perfect fit and each time it is disturbed it must be reground, thus making an expensive construction to assemble as far Vas labor cost is concerned and, at'best, such a joint is relatively unsatisfactory due to the difficulty encountered in producing a non-leakable joint.

In the present yinventionfthe disadvantageous features ot the construction just l previously described are overcome by using wall space o a motor block or shell and an nsertible and removable cylinder sleeve with complemental shoulders forming a joint approximate each end of the sleeve, but instead of a metal tit at one end or' the sleeve and an expansion compensating joint at the other compressible gaskets are used in each joint but these gaskets are so proportioned relative to each other that one gasket reaches its limit of compressibility before the other, whereby the sleeve comes to a iirm seat on the one gasket while the other still remains in a condition to compensate lor expansion and ecntraction of the parts.

ln the drawings:

Figure lis a vertical section oit an internal combustion engine embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective showing the relation of the body or shell, sleeve and gaskets previous to final seating of the sleeve.

Fig. 3 is a view similarito Fig. 2 showing the relative position of the body and sleeve and the condition ot the gaskets after final seating or" the sleeve.

Referring to the drawings:

The motor body or shell of the cylinder block is indicated at 1 Aand is preferably of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, or any other suitable metal. The body or shell l is hollow throinghout` its length and may be constructed for any desired number ot cylinders. t j

Mounted within the body or Shelliv are cylindrical sleeves 2 constituting the explosion cylinders. rlhese sleeves may be made olf cast iron or other metal suitable to the requirements Aand which mayhave a diiierent coefficient ci' expansion than the aluminum or other metal of which the body or shell 1 is constituted. The cylinder sleeves, in the case of a multi-cylinder engine, are separated trom each other by va extending continuouslyirom end to end of said body or shell l and entirely around the sleeves and forms part of:

" the cooling system, and is adapted to be lled with a cooling medium.V In each cylinder is a piston 4l.

Each cylinder sleeve lar vertical bore section fits within 'an annuinwardly Jfrom the lower end of the engine body, and within a similar bore section 6 at the upper end thereot. f The lower section is provided with a lateral Ashoulder 7, the

or flange 5 projected be taken @are j and secondarily by the packing member l2,

face of which lies in a plane at right angles to the cylinder axis on which is mounted a packing gasket 8 composed of a suitable resilient material such as granulated cork. rlhe lower face of the sleeve?l bears against this packing and serves to compress the same soV as to form a tight joint therewith.

The sleeve 2 is held in the annular'bore 5 with va slip fit, enabling the sleeve to be readily inserted and removed without heating the parts or forcing the sleeve into the bore, and permitting of slight relative expansion without undue binding of the sleeve and wall of the engine body. There may be clearance between these parts, the necessary tight closure of the joint between the sleeve and body wall at the lower end being` obtained solely by means of the resilient gasket 8. l

The upper bore section G is provided with asimilar supporting shoulder 9 which can riesa compressible gasket 9', against which is adapted to seat iirmly the lower face of a complementary shoulder lO formed on'the sleeve 2. The portion of the sleeve 2 above the shoulder has a slip lit with the upper part of the bore section, ,and may have a clearance similar to that at the lower end which permits expansion of the bore section without undue pressure against thesleeve. The slip fit clearance between the sleeve and the bore section below the shoulder 9 may be slightly greater than the other clearance to revent an f bindinwthat may tend `to result from clamping the head of the motor to the body. Y

Above the cylinders and bearing down tightly against the upper face of the motor body and thesleeves is a removable head ll,

Vin which the valves and spark plugs are mounted- Between the head and the body and sleeves is a flexible packing member 12.

The vertical length of the sleeve 2 between the shoulder 7 and the shoulder 9 is so proportioned tothe length of the body between l thehorizontal surfaces of said shoulders and the thickness ofthe gaskets 8 and A9 and the compressibility of the'said gaskets and the packing member' l2, that when the sleeves are inserted and clamped down by the pressure of the head until the upper ends 4of the sleeves are Hush with the top face of the body, the gaskets 9 will have been substantially completely compressed thereby affording a firm seat for each sleeve,.while the gaskets 8 will be but partially compressed and the gasket or packing member 12 will still have not quite reached its limit of compressibility. j

Therefore, when expansion takes place, the pressure willV be exerted against surfaces lying only in planes at right angles to the'axis of the cylinder'slfeeves and will of primarily by the gaskets 8,

' cooking of the sleeve is possible.

sion of the gaskets 9',

` mains firm regardless ofthe factthat it is a gasket joint which serves as the seat for each sleeve. The pressure developed by the expansion of the sleeves longitudinally of their axis does not impose any side stress against the sleevesv such as would tend to distort the same and by lreason of the firm seating of each sleeve on its gasket 9 no The gaskets 9 compressed in assembling limit the assembled compression of the packing 8 so that said packing, after complete comprespossesses a range of resiliency sufficient to yield or expand to always forms a fluid-tight joint between the lfiody and sleeves atthe lower end. l claim: Y I. A jacketed cylinder comprising a, body and an insertible andremovable sleeve, the body and sleeve having sets of complemental .joint-closing faces, and compressible means between the joint-closing faces of each set, said means for each set having relativelj7 different degrees of compressibility whereby said sleeve reaches a firm sea-t on one of said means while another remains but partially compressed toenable it to compensate for expansion and contraction of the body and sleeve. f

2. A jacketed cylinder comprising a body and an insertible and removable sleeve, 'the body and sleeve having complemental joint closing faces in planes at right angles to the axis of the cylinder, and compressible gaskets between said joint closing faces, said gaskets` having different degrees of compressibility wherebyV the said sleeve reaches a firm seat on a substantiallycompletely compressed gasket while another remains only partially compressed vthereby compensating for relative expansion and contraction of the body and sleeve, and means for holding the sleeve.

3. A jacketed cylinder' comprising a body and an insertible and removable sleeve, the body and sleeve having complemental joint closing faces in planes at right angles to the axis of the cylinder approximate each `end of the sleeve, av compressible gasket between each pair yof joint closing faces, one ofsaid gasketsbeing resilient and having a greater degree of compressibility than `the other whereby the said sleevel reaches a hrm sea-t prior to completev compression l0fthe resilient gasket, permitting the vlatter to remain 'in condition to lconipensate for relative expansion and contraction Yof the body and sleeve, and means-holding the sleeve.

el.. An internal j combustion engine;coin-V prising a body and an insertible and removable cylinder sleeve, said vbody and sleeve der sleeveya ga sket' between y'the outer faces,

the outer end surfaces of the cylinder sleeve being flush with the adjoining surfaces of the body when the sleeve is finally seated, and a resilient gasket of greater compressibility than the first mentioned gasket and interposed between the inner faces of the body and sleeve, the vertical length of said sleeve between its joint closing faces being less than the vertical distance between the corresponding faces of the body and proportioned to the limit of compressibility of the first mentioned gasket whereby the sleeve is firmly seated on the compressed outer gasket when the inner end of the cylinder sleeve has compressed the inner gasket below the limit of compressibility thereof.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a body and an insertible and removable cylinder sleeve, said body and sleeve each having two joint closing faces only, such faces lying in planes at right angles to the axis of the cylinder and adjacent the outer and inner ends of the cylinder sleeve, a gasket between the outer faces, the outer end surfaces of the cylinder sleeve being flush with the adjoining surface of the body when the sleeve is finally seated, and a resilient gasket of greater compressibility than the first mentioned gasket and interposed between the inner faces of the body and sleeve, the vertical length of said sleeve between its joint closing faces being less than the vertical distance between the corresponding faces of the body and proportioned to the limit'of compressibility of the first mentioned gasket whereby the sleeve is r 'firmly seated on the compressed outer gasket when the inner end of the cylinder sleeve has compressed the inner gasket below the limit of compressibility thereof.

6. An internal combustion engine having a body and a separate cylinder sleeve, said body composed of a metal having a different co-efiicient of expansion than the sleeve material, said parts having clearance between the body and sleeve in planes concentric with the axis of the cylinder, said sleeve and body having complementary lateral shoul ders near the outer ends, a gasket completely compressed between said shoulders toform a firm seat only when the outerl end of the inserted sleeve is fiush with the adjacent sur face of the body, said body having a lateral shoulder at the inner part thereof opposing a complemental portion of the sleeve, a resilient packing .interposedV between said shoulder and complemental portion, the length of the sleeve between said complemental portion and its outer shoulder being proportioned to the distance between the shoulders of the body in such manner that complete compression of the gasket occurs while the packing is only partially compressed.

7. In an internal combustionengine the combination of a body and a separate cylinder sleeve having adjoining vertical faces with a clearance between said vertical faces of the body and sleeve and complementary horizontal shoulders adjacent the upper ends of said body and sleeve having a completely compressed resilient gasket therebetween when the sleeve is in position, said body being formed with a bore adapted to receive the lower end of the sleeve andformed with a shoulder, and a resilient gasket disposed between the end of the sleeve and said shoulder, the shoulder being so positioned that thegasket is partially compressed when the parts are in normal assembled position.

ln testimony whereof l have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BENJAMN R. NEWCOMB.

lditnesses z Ewn. L. ToLsoN, RUBY GooD. 

